Pepala ili likufotokoza zavalavukusankha Kutentha chitoliro maukonde dongosolo ndi ubwino, ntchito mfundo ndi kukonzavalavu ya mpira, yomwe imapereka chiwongolero chofunikira pakukonzekera gwero la kutentha, kamangidwe, kusankha zipangizo, ntchito ndi kupanga, kukonza zipangizo, ndi kusintha ndi kukweza kwa kutentha.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, ndi chitukuko cha zachuma komanso chidwi cha anthu pachitetezo cha chilengedwe cha mpweya wochepa wa mpweya, kayendetsedwe ka ntchito za haze ndi mphamvu zopulumutsira mphamvu zapangitsa kuti mabizinesi otenthetsera apite patsogolo pang'onopang'ono kupita kumalo otenthetsera okhazikika, asayansi ndi mphamvu. , zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri mtengo wa kutentha komanso kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zowotchera.Pakalipano, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ku China kwakhala kukula kwakukulu, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, kuipitsidwa kwakukulu, kusunga mphamvu ndikofunikira.Kumanga ndi chitukuko cha kutentha kwapakati pa tawuni ndi njira yabwino yopulumutsira mphamvu, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndi kukwaniritsa chitukuko chokhazikika.
Pakalipano, mabizinesi ambiri otenthetsera amaganizira za mtengo wa ndalama, akugwiritsabe ntchito njira zobwerera m'mbuyo kwa zaka zambiri, komanso kukonzekera kosavomerezeka kwa gwero la kutentha, magawo ogwiritsira ntchito osayenera, njira zoyendetsera kumbuyo ndi kuchepa kwa akatswiri ndi akatswiri ogwira ntchito. , zomwe zimalepheretsa chitukuko cha sayansi cha mafakitale otentha.Mu makina otenthetsera, kusankha koyenera kwa zida zowongolera zamadzimadzi ndi mapangidwe akukonzekera magwero otentha kwakhala ntchito yayikulu pabizinesi iliyonse yotentha.Thevalavundi chimodzi mwa zida kwambiri mmene matenthedwe dongosolo.Ubwino wavalavundi ngativalavuimasankhidwa moyenerera molingana ndi mawonekedwe avalavuadzakhala ndi gawo lalikulu mu khalidwe la kutentha.
Thevalavundi gawo lowongolera mumadzimadzi omwe amatumiza kusefukira kwamadzi, omwe ali ndi ntchito zodula, kuwongolera, kutsogolera, kupewa kuponderezana, kukhazikika kwamphamvu, shunting, kuwongolera sing'anga yoyenda bwino ndi zina zotero.Mu Kutentha dongosolo, Kutentha chifukwa cha khalidwe lavalavusizili mulingo, ndipo madandaulo a wogwiritsa ntchito ku kampani yotenthetsera nawonso ndiwofala.Chifukwa mavavu amaikidwa pachitsime, chodabwitsa cha kuthamanga, kugwa, kudontha ndi kutuluka sikophweka kupezeka.Nthawi zambiri, zitha kupezeka pokhapokha wogwiritsa ntchito akadandaula, Kupezeka kwa Roving ndi zida zawonongeka.Ngati pali vuto, silingapezeke mu nthawi.Si vuto laling'ono, lomwe limakhudza chitetezo cha payipi, komanso limayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa gwero la kutentha.Ndi mutu kwa akatswiri otentha kutentha.M'mabizinesi ena otenthetsera, pakhala kusamvana pakusankha ma valve.Amangoganizira za mtengo wa zida kapena akhala akugwiritsa ntchito zida zotenthetsera zam'mbuyomu.Kupanda kuzindikira kwatsopano, kusowa kwaukadaulo waukadaulo wamakhalidwe a valve ndi kukonza.Sichiganizira za mtengo wapamwamba wokonzekera chifukwa cha vuto la khalidwe la valve.
Mavavu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumayendedwe otenthetsera mapaipi ndivalavu ya butterfly, valve pachipata, valavu ya globe, chekeni valavundi zina zotero.Ma valve awa ali ndi ubwino wawo, koma amakhalanso ndi zofooka zawo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazitsulo zotentha zotentha, ndi wojambula posankha mtunduwo, kawirikawiri ndi ntchito yothandiza pamodzi ndi ubwino ndi kuipa kwa ma valve awa kuti akonzekere kukonzekera koyenera.Tiyeni timvetsetse ubwino ndi kuipa kwa ma valve awa,valavu ya butterflyndi imodzi mwa valavu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, malo oyikapo ndi ochepa, otsika mtengo, angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kusintha kayendedwe ka gulugufe wapakati, valavu yofewa ya butterfly chifukwa cha zoletsa zakuthupi za mphira, sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa kutentha kwakukulu, posachedwapa. zaka,zitsulo zitatu eccentric butterfly vavukugwiritsa ntchito, kusintha kwambirivalavu ya butterflymu kutentha osiyanasiyana ntchito, Komabe, mbale gulugufe osambitsidwa ndi sing'anga kwa nthawi yaitali, chifukwa mapindikidwe a kusindikiza pamwamba, zomwe zidzachititsa kuwonongeka chisindikizo komanso zimakhudza otaya sing'anga.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zina pomwe zofunikira zosindikiza sizili zolimba.Chifukwa kukana madzimadzi avalve pachipatandi yaying'ono, njira yoyendetsera sing'angayo siyimatsekeka, pomwe malo osindikizira atsegulidwa kwathunthu, kukokoloka kwa sing'anga kumakhala kochepa kuposa kwavalavu ya globe, koma kukula ndi kutalika kwa kutsegula kwavalve pachipatandi zazikulu, ndipo malo oyikapo ndi aakulu.Pakutsegulira, kukangana kwapang'onopang'ono kwa malo osindikizira kumakhala kosavuta kuchititsa chodabwitsa choyikapo, komanso kukonza kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, komwe kumakhudza kugwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwakukulu muzitsulo zotentha.Thevalavu ya globeamagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri mu dongosolo la valavu, kutalika kwa kutsegula ndi kochepa, kusinthana kumakhala mofulumira, kusindikiza pamwamba pakutsegula ndi kutseka kawirikawiri palibe kutsetsereka kwachibale, sikungayambitse kukanda, kukonza kumakhala kosavuta, koma kuipa ndi kusintha otaya sing'anga, kuonjezera kukana madzimadzi, kutalika mawonekedwe ndi lalikulu, awiri mwadzina wa valavu lonse lapansi si wamkulu kuposa DN250 mkulu kuthamanga si wamkulu kuposa DN150.
Valve ya mpiraanabadwa mu 1950s, ndi chitukuko mofulumira sayansi ndi luso, mosalekeza kusintha kwa ndondomeko kupanga ndi kapangidwe mankhwala, wakhala ntchito kwambiri mu dongosolo matenthedwe m'zaka zaposachedwa, ntchito zake zapamwamba n'zosatheka ndi mavavu ena. , ilibe kukana kwamadzimadzi, kulemera kopepuka, zero kutayikira kusindikiza magwiridwe antchito, kutsegula ndi kutseka chosinthira mwachangu, kusindikiza pamwamba sikumasefukira ndi sing'anga, Moyo wautali wautumiki ndi maubwino ena, ndipo amalandila kusankhidwa kwa ma valve kumabizinesi.Makamaka, valavu ya mpira wazitsulo zonse zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazitsulo zotentha zapakati pazaka ziwiri zapitazi.Ubwino wake wapadera wa kutayikira kwa zero mkati ndi kunja, kuyikidwa m'manda mwachindunji, kuwotcherera mapaipi popanda kupsinjika, komanso zaka 20 zosamalidwa bwino, mokulirapo, zapulumutsa ndalama zoyikirapo komanso ndalama zofananira zokonzanso mabizinesi akutenthetsa, ndipo zadziwika ndi oyang'anira wamkulu wa kampani yotenthetsera.Komabe, momwe tingachitire tsiku ndi tsiku kukonza ndi kukonza ma valve mu ntchito yathu yakhalanso ntchito yomwe singanyalanyazidwe ndi mabizinesi otentha.Pomvetsetsa mfundo yogwirira ntchito ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa valavu, komanso njira yogwirira ntchito ndi kuthetsa mavuto, njira yoyenera yopangira ntchito imatha kupangidwa mwachizolowezi cha kampani kuti zitsimikizire kuti zida za valve zikuyenda bwino.
Mfundo yosindikiza yosindikiza ya valve yowotcherera yotentha yotentha:
The ambiri ntchito matenthedwe kuwotchereravalavu ya mpirandi valavu wamba flange mpira makamaka wopangidwa ndi valavu thupi, mpando, mpira, tsinde ndi kufala chipangizo.Ntchito yayikulu ndikulumikiza ndikudula njira yamadzimadzi mu payipi.Thevalavu ya mpiraamazindikira ntchito yosinthira poyendetsa mpira kuti uzungulira madigiri 90 kudzera pa chipangizo chotumizira.Mawonekedwe akuluakulu amagawidwa kukhala mpira woyandama komanso mawonekedwe a mpira.
1. Mapangidwe a mpira woyandama:Mpira wavalavu ya mpira woyandamaimatha kuyandama m'thupi la valve, mokakamizidwa ndi sing'anga yamadzimadzi, mpirawo umakanikizidwa mwamphamvu ku gawo lotuluka la mpando wa valve yosindikizira, yomwe ipanga chisindikizo chimodzi, chisindikizo chakutsogolo sichikutsimikiziridwa, kapangidwe kakevalavu ya mpiraimadziwika ndi dongosolo losavuta, kupanga kosavuta, kusindikiza kophatikizana ndi mayiko ena ndikwabwino, makamaka kamangidwe kameneka kamene kamakokedwa bwino ndi valavu yapampando, kuti chisindikizocho chikafika pamlingo wovuta kwambiri, kusindikiza pamwamba kupirira chiŵerengero chachikulu chosindikizira, kutsegula ndi kutseka makokedwe adzawonjezeka, Nthawi zambiri ntchito mavavu ndi m'mimba mwake zosakwana DN300.
2.Kukhazikika kwa mpira:Mpira wa mawonekedwe okhazikika uli ndi tsinde lozungulira lapamwamba ndi lapansi, ndipo gawo la pansi la mpirawo limayikidwa ndi chonyamulira, chomwe chimakhazikitsidwa ndi tsinde lapansi la valve, ndipo gawo lapamwamba limagwirizanitsidwa ndi tsinde lapamwamba la valve.Mpira ukhoza kuyendayenda motsatira njira yowongoka ya valavu, ndipo sungathe kusunthira mbali imodzi ngativalavu ya mpira woyandama.Choncho, pamene avalve yokhazikika ya mpiraamagwira ntchito, kupanikizika kwamadzimadzi kutsogolo kwa valavu kumangoperekedwa ku tsinde la valve ndi kubereka, ndipo sikungabweretse kupanikizika pampando wa valve.Chifukwa chake, mpando wa valve sudzapunthwa chifukwa cha kusintha kwapaipi, kusindikiza ndikwabwino, ndipo moyo wautumiki ndi wautali.Mpando wa valavu wa valavu ya mpira wokhazikika ukuyandama, ndipo mpando wa valavu udzagwiritsa ntchito kukakamiza kwa kasupe wakumbuyo ndi kukakamiza kwa payipi kuti agwirizane ndi mpirawo kuti apange chisindikizo chodalirika.
Thermal mpira kukonza ndi kasamalidwe luso:
Kugwiritsa ntchito kolondola kwa kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza kwavalavu ya mpirandizofunika kwambiri, komanso ndizo zomwe bizinesi yotenthetsera iyenera kutchula popanga njira yogwirira ntchito.Kasamalidwe ka sayansi ndi kukonza kwavalavu ya mpirapa nthawi yomanga sizingatsimikizire chitetezo, komanso kuchepetsa mtengo wa nthawi yomanga ndi yoyendetsera ntchito.tcherani khutu ku mbali izi:
1.Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yolondola yonyamula ndi kutulutsa valavu, kupewa kuwonongeka kwa makina ku valve, kukweza valavu, lamba wokweza sungamangidwe ku tsinde la valve kapena kukweza kwa actuator, monga ntchito yosaloledwa, idzayambitsa valve. kupindika kwa tsinde, kulephera kusindikiza kwa tsinde la valve ndi kuwonongeka kwa bokosi la turbine.
2. Valavu isanatuluke pafakitale, ndikofunikira kusindikiza mbale yakhungu kapena kuphimba kumapeto onse a valve kuti mupewe madzi, mchenga, ndi zonyansa zina pa malowa kulowa mu chipinda cha valve panthawi yoyendetsa, zomwe zidzawononge kuwonongeka ndi dzimbiri. ku chisindikizo.
3.Pamalo omanga, valavu iyenera kuikidwa bwino, sichikhoza kuikidwa mwachisawawa, idzayambitsa valve blowdown valve kapena kusweka kwa valve ndi kuwonongeka.
4.Kuwotcherera kwathunthuvalavu ya mpirapamaso kuwotcherera yomanga ayenera kutsimikizira valavu mokwanira lotseguka malo kuwotcherera, Pewani kuwonongeka mpira chifukwa kuwotcherera sipotera, zikande kusindikiza pamwamba, kuwotcherera kutentha kwa mpando valavu umalamulidwa pa madigiri 140.
5.Pambuyo pa kuyesedwa kwa hydrostatic, madzi a m'chipinda cha valve ayenera kutulutsidwa bwino kuti asawononge dzimbiri ndi icing.
Malangizo a kasamalidwe ndi kukonza zosamalira tsiku ndi tsiku pakugwira ntchito:
1.Kwa pipelinema valve a mpiraya API6D, nthawi ndi nthawi yang'anani ntchito yosindikiza ya mavavu, ndikuyang'ana kupyolera mu valve yopukutira.Ngati pali kutuluka kwamkati, kumakonzedwa motsatira ndondomeko
2. Malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito ya valve, mafuta ochuluka amalowetsedwa mu mpando wa valve.Nthawi zambiri, mafuta oyenerera amabayidwa pambuyo pa ntchito ya valve, ndipo kuchuluka kwa jekeseni iliyonse ndi 1/8 ya makina osindikizira.Cholinga cha kutero ndikupewa zonyansa zomwe zili mu payipi kuti zilowetse kumbuyo kwa mpando wa valve mpaka kufika pamtunda waukulu kwambiri, zomwe zimakhudza kayendetsedwe ka mpando wa valve, zomwe zimapangitsa kulephera kusindikiza, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti malo osindikizira amakhala nthawi zonse. mafuta dziko ndi kutalikitsa moyo utumiki.
3. Kwa ma valve omwe ali ndi ntchito zochepa, kutsegula ndi kutseka kuyenera kuchitika kamodzi pachaka, ndipo mafuta odzola ndi madzi oyeretsera ayenera kubayidwa, zomwe zingapewe mpira ndi mpando wa valve guluu komanso kupewa kupukuta kouma pamene mpira ndi yogwira ndi kuchepetsa valavu ntchito makokedwe.
4. Valve ya mpiraziyenera kusungidwa nyengo yachisanu isanayambe, kuyang'ana pa kukhetsa madzi mkati mwa chipinda cha valve ndi madzi a actuator kuti asazizira m'nyengo yozizira komanso kusokoneza ntchito.
5.Onjezani mafuta osamva kuvala kwa valve worm head actuator chaka chilichonse, fufuzani nthawi zonse chisindikizo cha tsinde la valve, chotsani dzimbiri, ndikuchita chitetezo chakunja.
Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo kudalirika kwa valve ndikutalikitsa moyo wautumiki wa valavu, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuchita ntchito yabwino pakukonza ndi kuyang'anira koyambirira.Ndikofunikira kulimbikitsa kuyang'anira kosamalira zisanayambe zida za valve kuchoka ku fakitale ndi kuyang'anira kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kakeMusanakhazikitse, ndikofunikira kuchita mayeso a hydraulic, kupeza zovuta msanga ndikuthana ndi mavuto munthawi yake.Limbikitsani maphunziro aukatswiri, kupititsa patsogolo luso ndi luso la ogwira ntchito yosamalira, ndikukwaniritsa kukonza kwasayansi, kokhazikika komanso kotetezeka.Sinthani lingaliro, tsatirani kasamalidwe kodzitetezera, pangani mapulani okonza nthawi ndi nthawi ndikuzitsatira mosamalitsa.Chitani ntchito yabwino pakugwira ntchito motetezeka kwa makina otenthetsera kuti muwonetsetse kuti kutentha kuli bwino.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-14-2023