Kodi nyundo yamadzi ndi chiyani?
Nyundo yamadzi imakhala yolephera mphamvu mwadzidzidzi kapena mu valve yotsekedwa mofulumira kwambiri, chifukwa cha inertia ya kuthamanga kwa madzi othamanga, mafunde othamanga amapangidwa, monga nyundo, yotchedwa nyundo yamadzi.Mphamvu yakumbuyo-ndi-kutsogolo ya mafunde amphamvu yamadzi, nthawi zina zazikulu, imatha kuthyola ma valve ndi mapampu.
Pamene valavu yotseguka imatsekedwa mwadzidzidzi, kutuluka kwa madzi kumapangitsa kuti pakhale valavu ndi khoma la chitoliro.Chifukwa cha khoma losalala la chitoliro, madzi akuyenda pansi pa inertia amafika pamtunda ndipo amatulutsa zotsatira zowononga, zomwe ndi "nyundo yamadzi" muzitsulo zamadzimadzi, ndiko kuti, nyundo yabwino yamadzi.Izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa pomanga mapaipi operekera madzi.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, valavu yotsekedwa yomwe imatsegulidwa mwadzidzidzi idzatulutsanso nyundo yamadzi, yotchedwa nyundo yamadzi yoipa, yomwe ilinso ndi mphamvu zowononga, koma osati monga kale.Pampu yamagetsi yamagetsi idzayambitsanso mphamvu ya kupanikizika ndi nyundo ya madzi pamene mphamvu imadulidwa mwadzidzidzi kapena kuyamba.Kugwedezeka kwamphamvu kotereku kumafalikira m'mphepete mwa payipi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mapaipi atsekedwe kwambiri komanso kuphulika kwa mapaipi ndi kuwonongeka kwa zida.Chifukwa chake, kutetezedwa kwa nyundo yamadzi kumakhala imodzi mwaukadaulo wofunikira pakuumitsira madzi.
Makhalidwe a nyundo yamadzi:
1. Vavu imatsegula kapena kutseka mwadzidzidzi;
2. Pampu imasiya kapena imayamba mwadzidzidzi;
3. Chitoliro chimodzi kumadzi apamwamba (madzi operekera mtunda wautali kusiyana kwa mamita oposa 20);
4. Mutu wonse wa mpope (kapena kuthamanga kwa ntchito) ndi yaikulu;
5. Kuthamanga kwa madzi mupaipi yamadzi ndi kwakukulu;
6. Mapaipi amadzi ndiatali kwambiri, ndipo mtunda umasintha kwambiri.
Kuopsa kwa nyundo yamadzi:
Kuwonjeza kwamphamvu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha nyundo yamadzi kumatha kufika kangapo kapena kuchulukitsa kangapo kukakamiza kwapaipi komwe kumagwirira ntchito. Choopsa chachikulu cha kusinthasintha kwamphamvu kwa mapaipi ndi:
1.Cause kugwedezeka kwamphamvu kwa payipi, olowa chitoliro amachotsedwa;
2. Kuwonongeka kwa valavu, kuthamanga kwakukulu ndikokwera kwambiri kuti kupangitse kuphulika kwa mapaipi, kuthamanga kwa netiweki yamadzi kumachepetsedwa;
3. M'malo mwake, kupanikizika kochepa kwambiri kudzatsogolera kugwa kwa chitoliro, komanso kuwononga valavu ndi kukonza;
4. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mpope, kuwononga zipangizo zapampu kapena mapaipi, kuchititsa kuti chipinda chopopera chisefukire, zomwe zimapangitsa ovulala ndi ngozi zina zazikulu, zomwe zimakhudza kupanga ndi moyo.
Njira zodzitetezera kuti muchepetse kapena kuchepetsa nyundo yamadzi:
Pali njira zambiri zodzitetezera ku nyundo yamadzi, koma njira zosiyanasiyana ziyenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa nyundo yamadzi.
1. Kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa chitoliro chotumizira madzi kungathe kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa nyundo yamadzi pamlingo wina, koma kudzawonjezera kukula kwa chitoliro chotumizira madzi ndikuwonjezera ndalama za polojekiti.Kugawidwa kwa mizere yotumizira madzi kumayenera kuganiziridwa kuti kupewe kuchitika kwa hump kapena kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa mayendedwe.Kukula kwa nyundo yamadzi kumakhudzana makamaka ndi mutu wa geometric wa chipinda cha mpope.Pamwamba pamutu wa geometric ndi, mtengo waukulu wa nyundo yamadzi ndi.Chifukwa chake, mutu wapampu wololera uyenera kusankhidwa molingana ndi momwe zilili mderali.Pampu ikasiya mwangozi, mpopeyo uyenera kuyambika pamene payipi kumbuyo kwa valve cheke yadzazidwa ndi madzi.Musatsegule bwino valavu yotulutsa mpope poyambitsa mpope, mwinamwake idzatulutsa madzi ambiri.Ngozi zazikulu zambiri za nyundo zamadzi m'malo opopera madzi zimachitika pansi pamtunduwu.
2. Konzani chipangizo chochotsera nyundo yamadzi:
(1) Ukadaulo wowongolera kuthamanga kwanthawi zonse:
Pamene kupanikizika kwa maukonde operekera madzi kumasintha nthawi zonse ndi kusintha kwa momwe ntchito ikugwirira ntchito, chodabwitsa cha kutsika kwapansi kapena kupanikizika nthawi zambiri kumachitika mu ndondomeko ya ntchito, yomwe imakhala yosavuta kupanga nyundo ya madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti payipi ndi zipangizo ziwonongeke. .Dongosolo lodzilamulira lodziwikiratu limakhazikitsidwa, kudzera pakuzindikira kuthamanga kwa netiweki ya chitoliro, kuwongolera mayankho a pompu poyambira, kuyimitsa ndi kuwongolera liwiro, kuwongolera kuyenda, ndiyeno kupangitsa kuti kupanikizika kukhalebe ndimlingo wina.Kuthamanga kwamadzi kwa pampu kumatha kukhazikitsidwa ndi kuwongolera makina ang'onoang'ono kuti asunge madzi othamanga nthawi zonse, kupewa kusinthasintha kwamphamvu, komanso kuchepetsa mwayi wa nyundo yamadzi.
(2) Ikani choyezera nyundo yamadzi
Zidazi zimalepheretsa nyundo yamadzi kuti isaimitse mpope, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayikidwa pafupi ndi payipi yotulutsa madzi.Imagwiritsa ntchito kukakamiza kwa payipi yokha ngati mphamvu yozindikira kutsika kwapaipi yodziwikiratu, ndiye kuti, kukakamiza kwa payipi kumakhala kotsika kuposa mtengo wotetezedwa, doko lokhetsa limangotsegula kutulutsa kwamadzi ndi mpumulo. monga kulinganiza kuthamanga kwa mapaipi am'deralo ndikuletsa kukhudzidwa kwa nyundo yamadzi pazida ndi mapaipi.Eliminator nthawi zambiri imatha kugawidwa m'makina ndi ma hydraulic mitundu iwiri, makina ochotsera mawotchi pobwezeretsa pamanja, hydraulic eliminator imatha kuyambiranso.
(3) Ikani valavu yotsekera pang'onopang'ono pa chitoliro chachikulu cha mpope chamadzi.
Ikhoza kuthetsa bwino nyundo yamadzi yoyimitsa madzi, koma chifukwa pali kuchuluka kwa madzi obwerera mmbuyo panthawi ya valve, chitsime choyamwa chiyenera kukhala ndi chitoliro chosefukira.Pali mitundu iwiri ya ma valve otsekera pang'onopang'ono: mtundu wa nyundo wolemera ndi mtundu wosungira mphamvu.Valve iyi imatha kusintha nthawi yotseka ya valve mkati mwamtundu wina ngati pakufunika.Nthawi zambiri, valavu imatsekedwa ndi 70% ~ 80% mkati mwa 3 ~ 7 s pambuyo pa kuzimitsa, ndipo 20% ~ 30% yotsala ya nthawi yotseka imasinthidwa malinga ndi momwe mpope ndi payipi zimakhalira, nthawi zambiri pamtundu wa 10-30 mphindi.Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti pakakhala hump mu payipi ndipo nyundo yamadzi ya mlatho imachitika, ntchito ya valve yotseka pang'onopang'ono imakhala yothandiza kwambiri.
(4) Khazikitsani Tower-Way Pressure Regulating Tower
Kumangidwa pafupi ndi popopa madzi kapena pamalo oyenera a payipi, kutalika kwa nsanja ya njira imodzi ndikotsika kuposa kuthamanga kwa mapaipi pamenepo.Kuthamanga kwa payipi kukatsika poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi munsanjayo, nsanjayo imadzazanso madzi ku payipi kuti madzi asathyoke komanso kupewa kutsekereza nyundo yamadzi.Komabe, mphamvu yake yochepetsera mphamvu pa nyundo zamadzi kupatulapo nyundo zamadzi zoyimitsa madzi monga nyundo zamadzi zotseka ma valve ndizochepa.Kuonjezera apo, ntchito ya valve yowunikira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu njira imodzi yoyendetsera kuthamanga kwa nsanja ndiyodalirika kwambiri.Vavu ikalephera, zitha kuchititsa kuti pakhale vuto lalikulu.
(5) Khazikitsani chitoliro chodumphadumpha ( valavu ) pamalo opopera.
Panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito pompano, valavu yowunikira imatsekedwa chifukwa kuthamanga kwa madzi kumbali ya madzi a pampu ndipamwamba kusiyana ndi kuthamanga kwa madzi kumbali yoyamwa.Pamene mpope imayimitsidwa mwadzidzidzi pambuyo pa ngozi, kupanikizika kwa potulutsira popopo kumachepa kwambiri, pamene kupanikizika kwa mbali yoyamwa kumakwera kwambiri.Pansi pa kupanikizika kosiyana kumeneku, madzi othamanga kwambiri mu chitoliro chachikulu choyamwitsa madzi ndi madzi otsika otsika omwe amakankhira mbale ya valve ku chitoliro chachikulu cha madzi, ndikuwonjezera kupanikizika kwa madzi kumeneko.Kumbali inayi, kuthamanga kwa nyundo yamadzi kumbali yakukoka kwa mpope kumachepetsedwanso.Mwanjira imeneyi, nyundo yamadzi ikukwera ndi kugwa kumbali zonse za pompano imayendetsedwa, motero kuchepetsa ndi kuteteza kuvulaza kwa nyundo yamadzi.
(6) Khazikitsani valavu yoyendera masitepe ambiri
Paipi yamadzi yayitali, ma valve owunika amodzi kapena angapo amawonjezeredwa kuti agawanitse payipi yamadzi m'magawo angapo, ndipo ma valve owunika amayikidwa pagawo lililonse.Pamene madzi mu chitoliro chotumizira madzi akuyenda cham'mbuyo panthawi ya nyundo ya madzi, valavu iliyonse ya cheke imatsekedwa imodzi ndi imzake kugawanitsa madzi a backwash m'zigawo zingapo.Chifukwa mutu wa hydrostatic mu chitoliro chilichonse chotumizira madzi (kapena gawo loyendetsa madzi a backwash) ndi laling'ono kwambiri, kuthamanga kwa nyundo yamadzi kumachepa.Njira yodzitchinjiriza iyi itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ngati pali kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kukwera kwa madzi a geometric.Koma kuthekera kwa kupatukana kwa mizere ya madzi sikungathetsedwe.Choyipa chake chachikulu ndi chakuti mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito pampu imawonjezeka ndipo mtengo wamadzimadzi umakwera panthawi yogwira ntchito.
(7) Chingwe chotulutsa ndi mpweya chimayikidwa pamalo okwera a payipi kuti achepetse mphamvu ya nyundo yamadzi papaipi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-11-2023