Oyenera kukhazikitsidwa kwavalve pachipata, valavu ya globe, valavu ya mpira, valavu ya butterflyndi valavu yochepetsera kuthamanga mu zida za petrochemical.Onani valavu, valavu yotetezera, valavu yoyendetsa, misampha ya msampha onani malamulo oyenerera.Osati abwino zoikamo mavavu pa mobisa madzi kotunga ndi ngalande mapaipi.
1. Mfundo za kamangidwe ka vavu
1.1 Mavavu adzakhazikitsidwa molingana ndi mtundu ndi kuchuluka komwe kukuwonetsedwa mu tchati choyenda cha PID cha mapaipi ndi zida.Pamene PID ili ndi zofunikira zenizeni za malo oyika ma valve ena, ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa malinga ndi zofunikira za ndondomeko.
1.2 Mavavu ayenera kukonzedwa pamalo osavuta kupeza, osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito komanso osavuta kusamalira.Mavavu pamizere ya mapaipi ayenera kukonzedwa chapakati, ndi nsanja zogwirira ntchito kapena makwerero.
2. Vavu unsembe udindo zofunika
2.1 Ma valve odulira adzakhazikitsidwa pamene mapaipi a chitoliro cha zida zolowera ndi zotuluka alumikizidwa ndi mbuye wa chitoliro cha fakitale yonse.Malo oyika valavu ayenera kukonzedwa pakati pa mbali imodzi ya malo a chipangizocho, ndipo malo ogwirira ntchito ofunikira kapena malo osungira ayenera kukhazikitsidwa.
2.2 Mavavu omwe amafunikira kuti azigwira ntchito pafupipafupi, kukonzanso ndikusintha m'malo mwake azikhala pamalo osavuta kufikako pansi, nsanja kapena makwerero.Ma valve a pneumatic ndi magetsi ayeneranso kukonzedwa m'malo osavuta kufikako.
2.3 Mavavu omwe safunikira kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi (pokhapokha potsegula ndi kuyimitsa) ayeneranso kuikidwa pamalo omwe makwerero osakhalitsa angapangidwe ngati sangathe kuchitidwa pansi.
2.4 Pakatikati pa gudumu la valavu ayenera kukhala 750 ~ 1500mm kutali ndi malo opangira, ndipo kutalika koyenera kwambiri ndi 1200mm.Kutalika kwa valavu yomwe sikufunika kugwira ntchito pafupipafupi kumatha kufika 1500 ~ 1800mm.Pamene kutalika kwa unsembe sikungatheke kuchepetsedwa ndipo kugwira ntchito pafupipafupi kumafunika, nsanja yogwiritsira ntchito kapena kupondapo iyenera kukhazikitsidwa pakupanga.Mavavu a mapaipi ndi zida zokhala ndi zowulutsa zowopsa siziyenera kuyikidwa mkati mwa kutalika kwa mutu wa munthu.
2.5 Pamene pakati pa valve handwheel ndi yoposa 1800mm kuchokera kutalika kwa malo opangira ntchito, ndi koyenera kukhazikitsa ntchito ya sprocket.Unyolo wa sprocket uyenera kukhala pafupifupi 800mm kuchokera pansi, ndipo ndowe ya unyolo iyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti ipachike kumapeto kwa unyolo pakhoma lapafupi kapena positi, kuti zisakhudze ndimeyi.
2.6 Kwa valve yomwe imayikidwa mu ngalande, pamene chivundikiro cha ngalande chikutseguka ndipo chikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito, gudumu lamanja la valve sikuyenera kukhala pansi pa 300mm pansi pa chivundikiro cha ngalande.Ngati ili pansi kuposa 300mm, chowonjezera chowonjezera cha valve chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti gudumu lamanja likhale lochepera 100mm pansi pa chivundikiro cha ngalande.
2.7 Pamene valavu yomwe imayikidwa mumtsinje wa chitoliro iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pansi, kapena valavu yomwe imayikidwa pansi pamtunda (nsanja), ndodo yowonjezera ya valve ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa kuti ipitirire ku mbale yophimba dzenje, pansi ndi nsanja kuti igwire ntchito, ndi elongation ndodo dzanja gudumu mtunda ntchito pamwamba 1200mm ndi yoyenera.Mavavu okhala ndi mainchesi a DN40 kapena ocheperako komanso olumikizana ndi ulusi sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma sprocket kapena ndodo zowonjezera kuti valavu isawonongeke.Kawirikawiri, ma valve ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi sprocket kapena ndodo yowonjezera momwe angathere.
2.8 Mtunda pakati pa gudumu lamanja la valve lokonzedwa mozungulira nsanja ndi m'mphepete mwa nsanja sayenera kukhala wamkulu kuposa 450 mm.Pamene tsinde la valve ndi handwheel kufika pamwamba pa nsanja ndi kutalika kwake ndi osachepera 2000 mm, siziyenera kukhudza ntchito ndi njira ya woyendetsa, kuti asawononge munthu.
3. Zofunikira zazikulu zoyika ma valve
3.1 Kugwira ntchito kwa ma valve akuluakulu kumayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira yotumizira magiya, ndipo malo omwe amafunidwa ndi njira yotumizira ayenera kuganiziridwa poika.
3.2 Thandizo liyenera kukhazikitsidwa kumbali imodzi kapena mbali zonse za valve kwa ma valve akuluakulu.Thandizo siliyenera kukhala pa chitoliro chachifupi chomwe chiyenera kuchotsedwa panthawi yokonza, ndipo chithandizo cha payipi sichiyenera kukhudzidwa pochotsa valve.Nthawi zambiri, mtunda pakati pa chothandizira ndi valve flange uyenera kukhala wamkulu kuposa 300mm.
3.3 Malo oyika ma valve akuluakulu ayenera kukhala ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito crane, kapena kuganizira zoyika davit ndi mtengo wopachika.
4. Zofunikira za mavavu pamapaipi opingasa
4.1 Pokhapokha zofunikira za ndondomekoyi, gudumu la valve lomwe limayikidwa pa payipi yopingasa yopingasa siliyenera kutsika, makamaka valavu yomwe ili paipi yoopsa yapakati ndiyoletsedwa.Mayendedwe a valavu amapendekeka motere: Choyimirira m'mwamba; ndi m'mbali; choyimirira m'mwamba kumanzere ndi kumanja kupendekera 45°; molunjika kumunsi kumanzere ndi kumanja kupendekera 45°; osayimirira pansi.
4.2 Chokwera chokwera chokwera chokwera, pamene valavu imatsegulidwa, tsinde la valve silidzakhudza ndimeyi, makamaka pamene tsinde la valve lili pamutu kapena pa bondo la woyendetsa.
5. Zina zofunika pakukhazikitsa ma valve
5.1 Mzere wapakati wa ma valve pa mapaipi ofananira uyenera kukhala waudongo momwe mungathere.Pamene valavu imakonzedwa pafupi wina ndi mzake, mtunda woonekera pakati pa magudumu a manja sayenera kukhala osachepera 100mm;Mavavu amathanso kugwedezeka kuti achepetse kusiyana kwa mapaipi.
5.2 Vavu yofunikira kuti ilumikizidwe ndi mphuno yazida pakuchitapo kanthu iyenera kulumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi nozzle ya zida pomwe m'mimba mwake mwadzina, kuthamanga mwadzina ndi mtundu wosindikiza pamwamba ndizofanana kapena zofananira ndi zida za nozzle flange.Pamene valavu ndi flange concave, m`pofunika kufunsa akatswiri zida sintha otukukira alowa flange pa nozzle lolingana.
5.3 Pokhapokha ngati ndondomekoyi ili ndi zofunikira zapadera, ma valve pa mapaipi apansi a nsanja, ma reactors, ziwiya zowongoka ndi zipangizo zina siziyenera kukonzedwa mu skirt.
5.4 Pamene chitoliro chanthambi chimachokera ku chitoliro chachikulu, valavu yodulidwa iyenera kukhala pambali yopingasa ya chitoliro cha nthambi pafupi ndi muzu wa chitoliro chachikulu, kotero kuti madzi amatha kukhetsedwa kumbali zonse ziwiri za valve.
5.5 Valavu yodula chitoliro chanthambi pazithunzi za chitoliro sichimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri (kungoyimitsa ndi kukonza).Ngati palibe makwerero okhazikika, payenera kukhala malo ogwiritsira ntchito makwerero osakhalitsa.
5.6 Pamene valve yothamanga kwambiri imatsegulidwa, mphamvu yoyambira ndi yayikulu, ndipo chithandizo chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti chithandizire valavu ndikuchepetsa kupanikizika koyambira.Kutalika kwa unsembe kuyenera kukhala 500 ~ 1200mm.
5.7 Valavu yamadzi amoto ndi valavu yamoto yoyaka moto m'dera la malire a chipangizocho iyenera kugawidwa pamalo otetezeka woyendetsa ndi wosavuta kupeza pakachitika ngozi.
5.8 Gulu la valavu la chitoliro chozimitsa moto chozimitsa moto cha ng'anjo yotentha liyenera kukhala losavuta kugwira ntchito, ndipo mtunda pakati pa chitoliro chogawa ndi thupi la ng'anjo sikuyenera kukhala osachepera 7.5m.
5.9 Mukayika valavu yokhala ndi ulusi wolumikizana pa chitoliro, cholumikizira chamoyo chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa pafupi ndi valavu kuti disassembly.
5.10 Vavu yotsekera kapenavalavu ya butterflysayenera kulumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi ma flanges a ma valve ena ndi zopangira, ndipo chitoliro chachifupi chokhala ndi ma flange kumapeto onse awiri chiyenera kuwonjezeredwa pakati.
5.11 Valve sayenera kunyamula katundu wakunja, kuti asawononge valavu chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwakukulu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-02-2023